Voiding Cystourethrogram (Bladder Emptying X-ray)

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KEY POINTS

• A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a test that uses contrast dye and X-rays to take pictures of the bladder and urethra during urination to see how well the bladder and its connecting tubes (the ureters and urethra) are working.
• Tell your child’s healthcare provider if your child has had any kidney problems or reactions to iodine-containing foods or chemicals such as seafood or X-ray contrast dye.
• Ask your child’s healthcare provider how and when you will get your test results and when your child can return to normal activities.

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What is a voiding cystourethrogram?

A voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a test that uses contrast dye and X-rays to take pictures of the bladder and urethra during urination (voiding). It shows how well the bladder and its connecting tubes (the ureters and urethra) are working. The ureters are the tubes that drain urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The urethra is the tube that drains urine from the bladder to outside the body.

When is it used?

This test may be done:

• To see if a problem with the shape or size of the bladder or urethra is causing repeat urinary tract infections
• To find any abnormal opening between bladder and near-by structures such as bowel, rectum, or female genital tract

Ask your healthcare provider about your choices for treatment and the risks.

How do I prepare for this test?

Tell your healthcare provider if your child has had any kidney problems or reactions to iodine-containing foods or chemicals such as seafood or X-ray contrast dye.

What happens during the test?

The procedure may be done in your child’s healthcare provider’s office, outpatient center, or hospital. Your child may be given medicine to help relax during the test.

First an X-ray will be taken of the abdominal (belly) area. Then, a urinary catheter (a small, thin, soft tube) will be inserted into the bladder. It will be inserted through the opening where urine comes out (the urethra).

The catheter will be used to fill the bladder with a special clear liquid called contrast dye. The contrast dye is easy to see on X-rays. X-ray pictures are taken and viewed on a television screen by the radiologist. More X-rays will be taken while your child urinates.

Your child may be less afraid if you explain what will happen before the procedure. Depending on the age of your child, you may use books, demonstration, or dolls. The radiologist may ask if you want to stay during this procedure to comfort your child. It’s a good idea to bring toys to help your child relax during the insertion of the catheter.

What happens after the test?

After the test, your child can go back to normal daily activities.

Your child's urine may be pink the first time he or she urinates after the catheter tube is removed. This is caused by a small amount of blood in the urine. Your child may also cry and complain of pressure. Usually by drinking a couple of large glasses of water or other clear liquids the child can urinate without a problem. If the child complains of a mild burning, place him or her in a bathtub of warm, plain water to urinate.

Ask your healthcare provider:

• How and when you will get test results
• How long it will take to recover
• If there are activities your child should avoid
• How to take care of your child at home and when your child can return to normal activities
• What symptoms or problems you should watch for and what to do if your child has them

Make sure you know when you should come back for a checkup. Keep all appointments for provider visits or tests.

What are the risks of this procedure?

Every procedure or treatment has risks. Some possible risks of this procedure include:

• Your child may have an infection or bleeding.
• Rarely, your child may have a reaction to the contrast dye.

Ask your healthcare provider how the risks apply to your child. Be sure to discuss any other questions or concerns that you may have.